ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the biomarkers of oxidative stress in herpes zoster patients compared with control subjects. Methods: This study compared the nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H
ABSTRACT
Objective: The present study investigated the effects of gallic acid [GA] administration on trimethyltin chloride [TMT] induced anxiety, depression, and hippocampal neurodegeneration in rats
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the rats received intraperitoneal [i.p.] injections of TMT [8 mg/kg]. The animals received either GA [50, 100 and 150 mg/kg] or saline as the vehicle for 14 consecutive days. We measured depression and anxiety levels of the rats by conducting the behavioral tail suspension [TST], elevatedplusmaze [EPM], and novelty suppressed feeding [NSF] tests. Histological analyses were then used to determine the cell densities of different hippocampal subdivisions. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test
Results: GA administration ameliorated anxiety and depression in the behavioral tests. The cell densities in the CA1, CA2, CA3 and DG hippocampal subdivisionsfrom GA-treated rats were higher than saline treated rats
Conclusion: GA treatment against TMT-induced hippocampal degeneration altered cellular loss in the hippocampus and ameliorated the depression-anxiety state in rats
ABSTRACT
The cerebellum is a key structure involved in coordinated motor planning, cognition, learning and memory functions. This study presents a permanent model of a toxin produced cerebellar lesion characterized according to contemporary motor and cognitive abnormalities. In this experimental study, slow administration of quinolinic acid [QA, 5 microl of 200 micromol, 1 microl/minute] in the right cerebellar hemisphere [lobule VI] caused noticeable motor and cognitive disturbances along with cellular degeneration in all treated animals. We assessed behavioral and histopathological studies over ten weeks after QA treatment. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and the student's t test. The QA treated group showed marked motor learning deficits on the rotating rod test [p = 0.0001], locomotor asymmetry on the cylinder test [p = 0.0001], dysmetria on the beam balance test [p = 0.0001], abnormalities in neuromuscular strength on the hang wire test [p = 0.0001], spatial memory deficits in the Morris water maze [MWM, p = 0.001] and fear conditioned memory on the passive avoidance test [p = 0.01] over a ten-week period compared with the control animals. Histopathological analysis showed loss of Purkinje cells [p = 0.001] and granular cell density [p = 0.0001] in the lesioned hemisphere of the cerebellum. Results of the present study show that QA can remove numerous cells which respond to this toxin in hemispheric lobule VI and thus provide a potential model for functional and cell-based studies